Showing posts with label companies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label companies. Show all posts

Thursday, June 6, 2013

NEWS,06.06.2013



Walmart offers everything - even love


They came for the low prices and stayed for the lifetime commitment.

A couple that met in a
North Carolina Walmart returned to the same store to hold their wedding ceremony.

Wayne Brandenburg said he would casually browse through the store a few times a week and that was where he met his future wife, Susan, who was working there as a cashier.

“I’d ask her how she was that day and tell her she looked very nice,” he said.

He was a widower and Susan was working at the store after her divorce.

Wayne built up the courage to ask her on a date and began taking Susan’s favourite lunch to Walmart each day.

“He was very much a gentleman and I looked forward to seeing him,” she said.

A year later,
Wayne proposed.

Susan accepted but the couple was not officially married until six years later.

When they were trying to decide where to hold the reception,
Wayne came up with the idea of getting married in the same store where they had met.

The wedding cake even came from the store’s bakery and the couple was reportedly joined by family, friends and even some store customers who stopped in to observe the ceremony.

While the story may sound a bit unusual, it’s actually somewhat common, according to one study.

In fact, Psychology Today says Walmart is the most popular place for Americans to fall in love at first sight.

Greek March unemployment rises


Greece's jobless rate rose again in March, reflecting the pain of a crippling recession after years of austerity under the country's international bailout.

Record joblessness is a major angst for
Greece's coalition government as it scrambles to hit fiscal targets and show there is light at the end of the tunnel after years of unpopular tax rises and cuts to wages and pensions.

Unemployment rose to 26.8% from a downwardly revised 26.7% in February, according to statistics service data released on Thursday and is more than twice the average rate in the euro zone which hit 12.2% in April.

"It's long-term unemployment that is the most worrisome as the percentage is higher than 60%," said economist Angelos Tsakanikas at think tank IOBE, adding that the proportion of jobless people out of work for more than a year had been around 45% in 2008.

Those aged between 15 and 24 remain the hardest-hit, even though the jobless rate for that age group eased to 58.3% in March from 64.2% in February.

As the economy shrinks for a sixth straight year and with 1.3 million people officially without jobs - more than the population of neighbouring Cyprus - the pain is felt across the board.

Borrowers have fallen behind on loans and fewer workers are paying into pension funds.

Since the crisis erupted in 2009,
Greece's jobless rate has tripled as hundreds of thousands lost their jobs or businesses and about 700 to 1 000 Greeks have been losing their jobs daily, according to estimates.

Once rare in a country where family ties are strong, rising numbers of homeless people, some of them old and sick, have also become a common sight across Athens.

Six out of 10 people on the street lost their home in the past two years and 47% of those have children, according to a study by Klimaka, a nongovernmental organisation.

In the capital's most rundown areas, ordinary Greeks who lost their jobs as a result of the country's economic crisis sleep outdoors side by side with Aids patients, drug addicts and others on the fringes of society.

Scrambling for ways to ease the pain for Greeks,
Athens wants to tap about €170m of EU regional development funds to launch job programmes and has asked the European Commission to approve the move.

A turnaround will take time to be felt in the labour market even if recovery sets in next year as authorities predict.

The central bank projects unemployment will peak at 28% before it starts to decline in 2015.

India hikes gold duty to stem demand


India, the world's top gold consumer, on Wednesday hiked import duty on the precious metal to stem surging demand and reduce the country's ballooning current account deficit.
Gold purchases are one of the biggest contributors to India's current account deficit - the broadest measure of trade - which widened to just under five percent from 4.2% the previous year as imports outpaced exports.
The import duty on gold had been raised from six percent to eight percent, Revenue Secretary Sumit Bose told the Press Trust of India news agency.
The import duty hike was the second since the start of the year. Last year the government doubled the duty on gold to four percent.
Indians bought 162 tonnes of gold last month, twice the customary amount, as they sought to exploit a slide in global prices.
The hike is part of a wider set of measures to improve the finances of Asia's third-largest economy, which faces stubbornly high inflation, a sharp slowdown in growth as well as the hefty current and fiscal account deficits.
Ratings agencies have threatened to downgrade India's sovereign investment rating to junk status unless the government takes steps to clean up the nation's finances.
India has long been the world's biggest buyer of gold with purchases strongest during the religious festival and wedding seasons.
Last year's rise in the import duty on gold dampened demand temporarily but purchases soon picked up again.
Many Indians - especially in rural areas where there are few banks - buy gold in the form of jewellery, bars and coins as a hedge against inflation.
Finance Minister P. Chidambaram has said that gold imports must be curtailed, leading the Reserve Bank of India to take separate steps to curb imports.
Gold has fallen 16% since the start of the year as investors bet that the US Federal Reserve may soon start unwinding its financial stimulus as the US economy shows signs of recovery.

 

China to cut coal use amid protests


China is considering plans to cut coal consumption in some major industrial regions, people familiar with the policy said, as part of measures to reduce air pollution - an issue that has triggered a surge in public protests.
In a plan to be released this month, China may set a target to reduce coal use in a heavily polluted region in the north spanning Beijing, Hebei and Tianjin by a combined 100 million tonnes a year by 2015, said a person who has been involved in the policy discussions.
That region consumed an estimated 375 million tonnes of coal last year, around a tenth of the national total, with Hebei province, China's main steel producer, alone responsible for about 300 million tonnes.
Tackling a dependence on coal a major cause of smog and acid rain though, will test China's resolve to clean up its air, water and soil after decades of rapid industrial growth.
Previous attempts by Beijing to rein in its industrial polluters have not always succeeded, with growth-obsessed local governments often turning a blind eye to violations. Fierce lobbying by powerful state-owned utilities also appears to have put paid to a recent plan to raise national coal standards and ban low-grade imports.
Jiang Kejun, a senior researcher at the Energy Research Institute, a think-tank run by the National Development and Reform Commission, said precise targets were still being debated, but a decision was expected soon.
"These targets should be included in the plan, but we are actually still in the process of setting the precise numbers it isn't a particularly easy thing to do," said Jiang, who is involved in drawing up the policies.
China was previously committed to slowing the rate of coal consumption growth, but recent pollution scares appear to have increased its resolve to tackle problems caused by excessive coal combustion.
In January, thick, hazardous smog shrouded Beijing and other industrialised northern Chinese cities for more than a week, with many blaming excessive coal-burning by power plants, steel mills and other industrial facilities.
Steel capacity curbs
The new pollution plan is also expected to ban capacity expansions in steel and other polluting industries in major cities, and force firms to run emissions control equipment. Companies that fail to comply face higher power prices and the threat of having their power and water supplies cut off, officials familiar with the policy told Reuters last week.
China has sought to use the growing public clamour against air pollution to get tough on high-polluting, high-energy consuming industries like steel, cement and aluminium, which have been sapped by crippling levels of overcapacity.
Local industry is responsible for 49% of Beijing's pollutant emissions, vehicles 22 percent, and drift from surrounding provinces, including Hebei, 24.5%, according to a 2011 study. Coal-burning makes up more than 90 percent of sulphur dioxide emissions.
National Targets
China is also looking to reduce coal consumption in the big manufacturing regions of the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas by 50 million tonnes each though analysts say those figures are unlikely to be enough to change China's overall energy consumption patterns.
"Those are relatively small numbers in the grand scheme of things," said Bill Durbin, analyst at consultancy Wood Mackenzie in Beijing.
"We're looking at total coal consumption of nearly 4 billion tonnes and expect to see that rise, simply because there is a lack of alternatives for baseload power generation, particularly as you move to the central and western regions."
Last October, in its 5-year plan on air pollution, China identified the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas as "pilot zones" to control coal consumption.
It also said China would seek to reduce the share of coal in the national energy mix by promoting renewables and building new gas storage facilities in key cities. Around half of China's total energy comes from coal, far more than anywhere else in the world.
China has already said it aims to keep national coal production capacity to within 4.1 billion tonnes by 2015, up from 3.24 billion tonnes in 2010.
According to the China Coal Industry Association, China's total consumption is still likely to hit 5 billion tonnes by 2020. Wood Mackenzie, in a report published on Tuesday, said China's coal demand would double to 7 billion tonnes by 2030.
"If they cap coal consumption then they will have to raise investment in natural gas, but we're not seeing enough investment that would allow gas to displace coal," said Durbin.
The lack of reliable data is likely to make coal cuts difficult. In Hebei, unregulated private steel mills with a history of underreporting output use large amounts of coal. Monitoring nationally will be an even bigger challenge.
Last year's 5-year plan said special emissions restrictions would be imposed in 47 big cities, banning capacity growth in thermal power, steel, construction materials, coking, non-ferrous metals and chemicals.

US companies add more jobs


Hiring by US firms was sluggish in May while a sharp rise in mortgage interest rates last week weighed on what had been a buoyant housing market, adding to signs the economy had lost some momentum in the second quarter.

A separate report from the Federal Reserve characterised the pace of the economic expansion as "modest to moderate" since mid-April as hiring remained relatively subdued.

The Fed's Beige Book of economic conditions is prepared as research for policymakers to use at their next meeting on June 18-
19, a meeting that will be watched for any indications as to when the Fed may pull back on its stimulus programme.

Private employers added 135 000 jobs in May, the ADP national employment report showed, an acceleration from April but missing forecasts for a gain of 165 000.

April's private payrolls were revised to an increase of 113 000 from the previously reported 119 000 gains.

"The number was weak," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics, which jointly developed the report.

"The data is suggesting that instead of job growth stepping up, it's actually stepping down as we move into the summer months," Zandi told reporters.

"It's not like we're falling off a cliff...it just feels like we're throttling back a little bit."

The ADP report showed manufacturers had shed payrolls in May and a separate report indicated jobs growth in the vast services sector was weak last month, with a gauge of employment at services firms falling to its lowest in close to a year.

Expansion

Economic growth is expected to cool in the current quarter from the 2.4% rate in the first three months of the year, partly due to fiscal belt-tightening in
Washington.

Economists still largely expect the recovery should regain traction in the second half of the year.

The goods producing sector cut 3 000 jobs in May, with a drop of 6 000 positions at manufacturing firms, which could be partially due to defence spending cutbacks, Zandi said.

Wall Street was down over 1% by mid-afternoon, while the weak data helped push Treasury debt prices higher.

The dollar was weaker against a basket of currencies.

Activity in the
US services sector picked up slightly in May, with the institute for supply management's services index edging up to 53.7 last month from 53.1 in April and that topped economists' expectations for 53.5.

A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the sector.

The May figure was still off this year's peak of 56.0, which was hit in February.

The forward-looking new orders component rose, but the employment measure slipped to the lowest level since last July at 50.1 from 52.0.

Even with the lacklustre growth, the services industry held up better than its manufacturing counterpart, which contracted in May, according to data from ISM released earlier in the week.

Data on Wednesday added to signs of a slowdown in manufacturing as new orders for factory goods rose in April but not enough to reverse the prior month's plunge.

In a busy day for economic releases, yet another report showed unit labour costs fell in the first quarter by 4.3%, the most in four years, although the reading appeared to be distorted by a shift in employee compensation at the end of last year to avoid a tax hike.

Nervousness the Fed may taper bond purchases sooner than had been expected, sent fixed 30-year mortgage rates up 17 basis points to average 4.07% in the week ended May 31, the Mortgage Bankers Association said.

Last week's interest rate was the highest since April 2012 and the first time rates have been above 4% since early May last year.

Demand for refinancing was hit hardest by the acceleration in rates, with applications slumping 15.0%.

The gauge of loan requests for home purchases - a leading indicator of home sales - held up relatively better, falling just 1.6%.


$200m credit card hacking ring busted


Eleven people in the United States, the UK and Vietnam have been arrested and accused of running a $200m worldwide credit card fraud ring, US and UK law enforcement officials said on Wednesday.
Federal prosecutors in New Jersey said they had filed charges against a 23-year-old man from Vietnam.
They said in a statement that authorities in Vietnam had arrested Duy Hai Truong on May 29 in an effort to break up a ring he is accused of running with co-conspirators, who were not named in the statement.
"One of the world's major facilitation networks for online card fraud has been dismantled by this operation, and those engaged in this type of crime should know that they are neither anonymous, nor beyond the reach of law enforcement agencies," Andy Archibald, interim deputy director of the National Cyber Crime Unit, said in a statement on the British government's Serious Organized Crime Agency website.
The arrests were coordinated by the three countries, the statement said.
The arrests come as law enforcement officials around the world are cracking down on Internet-related heists.
Two weeks ago, authorities raided Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rica-based company that provided a virtual currency system used frequently by criminals to move money around the world without using the traditional banking system.
Earlier last month, authorities arrested seven people involved in a $45m heist in which hackers removed limits on prepaid debit cards and used ATM withdrawals to drain cash from two Middle Eastern banks.
"It's rare that you find actual human beings behind these things," said Mark Rasch, a former cyber crimes prosecutor and now a lawyer in private practice in Bethesda, Maryland. "Usually you can tie them to organizations or hacker handles, but it's harder to find individual people."
Rebekah Carmichael, a spokeswoman for New Jersey US Attorney Paul Fishman, said the charges were filed in New Jersey's federal court because some of the victims of the scheme are residents of the state.
Prosecutors claim Truong and accomplices stole information related to more than a million credit cards and resold it to criminal customers through the websites www.matteuter.biz and www.mattfeuter.com, according to a criminal complaint filed in federal court in New Jersey.
According to the complaint, Truong hacked into websites that sold goods and services over the Internet and collected personal credit card information from the sites' customers. "The victims' credit cards incurred, cumulatively, more than $200m in fraudulent charges," the complaint said. The scheme began in 2007.
"Like many 'carder' cases, this is an international conspiracy," Rasch said, adding that a recently passed computer crime law in Vietnam had made it possible for Vietnamese authorities to participate in the multinational sting.
Although Truong has been charged in the United States, he does not have a US-based lawyer because he is being held in Vietnam, Carmichael said.



Thursday, May 23, 2013

NEWS,23.05.2013



Eurozone slump eases in May


The downturn across eurozone businesses eased slightly this month, although a dearth of new orders means the bloc's economy is likely to contract again in the second quarter, business surveys showed on Thursday.

Markit's flash eurozone Services PMI, which surveys around 2 000 companies ranging from major banks to caterers, rose in May to 47.5, a three-month high, from 47.0 in April.

While that was a little better than economists polled expected, the PMI has now spent 16 straight months below the 50 mark that divides growth and contraction.

French companies continued to fare poorly this month, while activity in German firms effectively stagnated.

Overall, survey compiler Markit said the surveys pointed to a similar economic performance in the second quarter as the 0.3% contraction the eurozone logged in the January-March period.

"There are signs the rate of decline is easing, which does suggest we may be moving into a period of stabilisation, but it's taking a lot longer than most people anticipated," said Chris Williamson, chief economist at Markit.

"It's looking more like the end of the year (until) we're going to see the numbers start to show signs of stabilising."

The new orders services index fell to 45.3 from 46.2, meaning a big upturn in the PMI next month looks unlikely. 

Williamson said there were signs that the rate of decline eased this month in the "peripheral" eurozone countries outside Germany and France.

"But against that we've seen a worrying steep deterioration in service sector expectations for the year ahead."

Although business expectations for the year ahead hit an 11-month high in April, it plummeted in May to its lowest point since December.

The PMI for the manufacturing sector rose to 47.8 this month from 46.7 in April, while showing new orders and output declined at a slower pace, comfortably beating expectations of 47.0 predicted by economists.

Combining both the services and manufacturing reports, the composite PMI hit a three-month high of 47.7 in May, compared with April's 46.9, while showing continuing job losses.

Both the input and output prices index stayed below the 50 mark this month, indicating deflationary pressures.

"The European Central Bank doesn't have anything to worry about in relation to inflation," said Williamson. 

"More likely, it's going to find it difficult to get inflation up to the level it wants," he added, referring to the central bank's target of close to 2%.

Bernanke: No Fed stimulus pullback yet


The Federal Reserve's monetary stimulus is helping the US economy recover but the central bank needs to see further signs of traction before taking its foot off the gas pedal, Fed Chairperson Ben Bernanke said on Wednesday.
A decision to scale back the $85bn in bonds the Fed is buying each month could come at one of the central bank's "next few meetings" if the economy looked set to maintain momentum, Bernanke told Congress.
But minutes from the Fed's most recent meeting released on Wednesday showed the bar was still relatively high.
"Many participants indicated that continued (job market) progress, more confidence in the outlook, or diminished downside risks would be required before slowing the pace of purchases," according to minutes from the April 30-May 1 meeting.
In testimony that showed little immediate desire to retreat from the Fed's third and latest round of bond buying, Bernanke emphasized the high costs of both unemployment and inflation, which respectively continue to run above and below the Fed's targets.
"Monetary policy is providing significant benefits," he told the congressional Joint Economic Committee, citing strong consumer spending on autos and housing, as well as increases in household wealth.
"Monetary policy has also helped offset incipient deflationary pressures and kept inflation from falling even further below the (Fed's) 2% longer-run objective."
Still, financial markets focused on the possibility that Fed purchases will be scaled back later this year. The S&P 500 closed 0.8% lower, the dollar hit a near three-year peak against a broad basket of currencies, and the bond market sold off sharply. Yields on 10-year Treasury notes jumped back above 2% to their highest levels since mid-March.
The central bank is currently buying $45bn in Treasury bonds and $40bn in mortgage-backed debt each month to keep borrowing costs low and encourage investment, hiring and economic growth. It is the third round of asset purchases, or quantitative easing, since the Fed drove interest rates to near zero in late 2008.
"I believe the Fed, while feeling more confident in the economy bottoming, is not yet comfortable with ending QE and the US economic crutch it offers," said Douglas Borthwick, managing director of Chapdelaine Foreign Exchange in New York.
Missing the target
Bernanke noted that the main inflation gauge the Fed monitors rose just 1% in the 12 months through March, just half the central bank's 2% target.
Part of the reason, he said, was a decline in energy prices. But there were also indications of more broad-based disinflation, Bernanke said.
He said the Fed was prepared either to increase or reduce the pace of its bond buys depending on economic conditions, as the central bank stated on May 1 after its last policy meeting.
"If we see continued improvement and we have confidence that that's going to be sustained then we could in the next few meetings ... take a step down in our pace of purchases," he said.
"If we do that it would not mean that we are automatically aiming toward a complete wind down. Rather, we would be looking beyond that to see how the economy evolves and we could either raise or lower our pace of purchases going forward."
US economic growth rose to a 2.5% annual rate in the first quarter following an anemic end to 2012. The unemployment rate has fallen to 7.5% from a peak of 10%, but remains, as Bernanke put it, "well above its longer-run normal level."
Recent economic data have been mixed. Job growth, retail sales and housing have all shown some vigor, but factory output has been contracting.
Bernanke said some headwinds facing the economy, including the debt crisis in Europe, have been dissipating. But he said a sharp tightening of the US government's budget had become too big of a drag on growth for the central bank to offset fully.
Bernanke told the committee the Fed was aware of the risk that keeping monetary policy too easy for too long could fuel asset price bubbles. However, he said the central bank believed major asset prices were justified by the economy's fundamentals.
Further, he warned of the risks to pulling back on stimulus too early.
"A premature tightening of monetary policy could lead interest rates to rise temporarily but would also carry a substantial risk of slowing or ending the economic recovery and causing inflation to fall further," Bernanke said.
He also suggested the Fed could refrain from selling off some of the mortgage-backed securities it has acquired when the time finally came to tighten monetary policy. "I personally believe that we could exit without selling any MBS," he said.
Too soon to taper
In separate remarks, New York Fed President William Dudley stressed that uncertain economic conditions meant it was too early to determine whether to taper the Fed's bond purchases.
"I think three or four months from now you'll have a much better sense of 'Is the economy healthy enough to overcome the fiscal drag or not?'" Dudley said in a Bloomberg TV interview that took place on Tuesday but aired on Wednesday.
Dudley added that it would be possible to dial down the program by the fall "if the economy does better and if the labor market continues to improve."
The minutes of the last Fed meeting said a number of officials expressed a willingness to taper bond purchases as early as the upcoming meeting on June 18-19 if there were signs of "sufficiently strong and sustained growth." But views differed both on how to gauge progress and on how likely it was that that threshold would be met.
Asked whether the Fed would curtail the pace of its bond purchases by the September 2 Labour Day holiday, Bernanke said simply: "I don't know."

US shares recover, but dollar extends losses


US stocks and bonds were little changed on Thursday, with equities rebounding from what traders considered an excessive drop on Wednesday, though concerns remained over the pace of global economic growth.
The midday strength in US equities bucked a worldwide trend of weakness. European shares ended down 2 percent while Japan plummeted 7.2 percent on weak data from China and Europe.
US shares opened sharply lower, extending a sharp decline on Wednesday that came after Federal Reserve chief Ben Bernanke broached the possibility of reducing stimulus if economic conditions improve.
While Fed officials stressed that no action was likely for months, investors are anxious about the timing to any change in monetary policy, which is widely credited with fueling massive gains in stocks and high-yield corporate bonds this year.
"The commentary was very benign and wasn't anything unexpected, the sell-off came because we were looking for an excuse to correct after the big moves this year," said Eric Green, senior portfolio manager at Penn Capital Management in Philadelphia.
The Dow Jones industrial average was up 2.64 points, or 0.02 percent, at 15,309.81. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index was down 4.45 points, or 0.27 percent, at 1,650.90. The Nasdaq Composite Index was down 4.24 points, or 0.12 percent, at 3,459.06.
Thursday's equity rebound continued a recent trend of investors using any market decline as a buying opportunity. A rally in Hewlett-Packard Co, which jumped 14 percent to $24.18 a day after raising its profit outlook, helped limit losses and keep the Dow in mildly positive territory.
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Still, overseas markets were sharply lower, driving investors to safe-haven currencies. At the session peak, the yen rose more than 2 percent against the dollar and the euro, which both lost 1 percent against the Swiss franc , also seen as a safe haven.
Chinese factory activity shrank for the first time in seven months, adding to concerns that the world's second-biggest economy had stalled. European factory sentiment dropped, suggested that the euro zone's economy was likely to contract again in the second quarter.
Japanese shares were hit hardest in overnight action, with the Nikkei losing 7.3 percent, its biggest one-day fall in two years. European shares ended 2.1 percent lower and MSCI's world equity index lost 1.3 percent.
"Even though we were overdue for a correction, the Chinese data certainly didn't help things. If it proves to be part of a trend, that's very concerning for the global economy," said Green, who helps oversee $7 billion in funds.
US light crude oil, which is closely tied to the pace of economic growth, fell 0.5 percent. The U.S. dollar index fell 0.8 percent.
The Euro STOXX 50 Volatility Index, Europe's widely used measure of investor risk aversion, surged nearly 15 percent to a three-week high. The CBOE Volatility Index rose 3 percent.
Concern the Fed will wind down its stimulus initially took its toll on bonds, but investors' sales of equities caused money to flow into safer government debt, leaving yields on US Treasuries and German Bunds down from their highs. The benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury note was down 2/32 in price, the yield at 2.0281 percent.
Investors expect the bond market will adjust to changing Fed policy, and that suggests higher yields in the coming months.
Demand for riskier euro zone debt softened, although bonds remained underpinned by expectations the European Central Bank may yet ease monetary policy further. That would contrast with any tightening by the Fed but follow a massive stimulus package launched by the Bank of Japan.

Apple has enjoyed Irish tax holiday since 80s


Apple has operated almost tax-free in Ireland since 1980, welcomed by a government keen to bring jobs to what was then one of Europe's poorest countries, former company executives and Irish officials have said.
Chief Executive Tim Cook faced criticism from a Senate subcommittee in Washington over the iPad and iPhone maker's tax practices, which had been shrouded from full view behind secretive tax-exempt Irish-based corporate entities.
Apple, one of Ireland's top multinational employers, denied avoiding billions of dollars in US taxes and said its arrangements helped fund research jobs in the United States.
The committee revealed that Apple's Irish companies, some of which are not tax resident in any jurisdiction, allowed the group to pay no tax on much of its overseas earnings in recent years.
Senator Carl Levin, chairman of the subcommittee, said Apple had sought "the Holy Grail of tax avoidance".
A former company executive and Irish officials the almost tax-free status dates all the way back to Apple's arrival in County Cork 32 years ago.
Apple must have seemed attractive to Ireland and to Cork. Amid a generally moribund Irish economy, Cork had been hard hit by the closure of its shipyards and a Ford car plant, and in 1986 nearly one in four were out of work in the city.
In the early days, Apple's staff sat down to meals together. Now the company employs 4,000 in Ireland and is the country's biggest multinational employer.
"There were tax concessions for us to go there," said Del Yocam, who was Vice President of manufacturing at Apple in the early 1980s.
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"It was a big concession."
In fact, the deal was about as good as a company can get.
"We had a tax holiday for the first 10 years in Ireland. We paid no taxes to the Irish government," one former finance executive, who asked not to be named, said.
Apple wasn't an exception, although it was among the last to enjoy such favourable treatment.
From 1956 to 1980, Ireland attracted foreign companies by offering a zero rate of tax, according to the Irish government's website. Eligible companies arriving in 1980 were given holidays until 1990.
"Any multinational attracted into Ireland that was focusing on the export market paid zero percent corporation tax," said Barry O'Leary, CEO of IDA Ireland, which is charged with attracting investment into Ireland.
Apple said it pays all the tax due in every country where it operates. It declined to comment on the tax treatment it received in the 1980s.
As part of Ireland's accession to the European Economic Community, precursor to the European Union, in 1973, it was forced to stop offering tax holidays to exporters.
From 1981, companies arriving in Ireland had to pay tax, albeit at a low 10 percent rate, providing they qualified for manufacturing status.
Economic coup
Apple's investment was a major coup for Ireland. At the time, the country was struggling with high and rising unemployment, double-digit inflation and a brain drain of the young and educated through emigration.
"We were the first technology company to establish a manufacturing operation in Ireland," recalled John Sculley, Apple's CEO from 1983 to 1993.
He said government subsidies had also played a role in deciding to set up a base in Ireland.
Ireland also offered low wage rates - a big attraction when it came to hiring hundreds of people for the relatively low-skilled work of assembling electronic equipment.
Apple told the subcommittee it could not answer questions about why it chose Ireland as a base since it had lost the paperwork from the period.
The operation in Cork built the company's Apple II computer and would later build disc drives, 'Mac' computers and others. These would be sold in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
But having a tax holiday in Ireland would not, in itself, have allowed Apple to operate tax free in these markets.
Equipment assembly is not the kind of activity that economists or tax authorities usually credit with generating a large share of a technology company's profits.
More value has been associated with generating the intellectual property behind the technology - which Apple did in the United States - and with the selling of goods, which was to be done on the ground in France, Britain and India.
But none of these countries offered the tax advantages Ireland did. The key to minimising Apple's tax bill was maximising the amount of profit that could be ascribed to Apple's Irish operations.
Holiday over
In 1990, Apple's tax holiday came to an end, and in that year, the Irish operation's tax rate hit 4 percent, accounts from the period show.
At the same time, Apple's Irish manufacturing activities came under question as the company looked to cut costs by outsourcing.
In 1992, the company announced plans to cut hundreds of jobs after deciding to shift some work to Singapore, which at this time was attracting increasing investment by offering tax holidays.
"They nearly left Ireland altogether," O'Leary said.
By this stage, the European Community had banned tax holidays of the kind given to Apple, so the company and Dublin negotiated an arrangement which had a similar outcome but fell within European rules.

Cautious calm returns to Wall Street


Wall Street has been had mixed trading today, paring sharp early losses after disappointing data from China and a slump in Japanese stocks outweighed better-than-expected reports on US jobs and housing.
In China, the preliminary reading for a Purchasing Managers' Index of manufacturing was 49.6 in May, according to HSBC and Markit Economics data. In Japan, the Topix plunged 6.9%.
Yesterday's comments by US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke suggested the central bank might ease back its bond-buying programme as soon as at its next meeting, while also stressing the risk of withdrawing stimulus measures too soon.
Fed officials today sought to soothe investors' concerns. James Bullard, president of the St Louis Fed, said he did not think the bank's policy committee was "that close" to tapering bond purchases and when it did start to pull back it would be slowly.
"The market is struggling with conflicting language from Fed officials as to the timing of potential tapering of asset purchases, slowing growth in China and after Japan's decline in equities," Ryan Larson, the Chicago-based head of US equity trading at RBC Global Asset Management, told Bloomberg News.
In late afternoon trading in New York, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 0.18%, while the Standard & Poor's 500 Index fell 0.22% and the Nasdaq Composite Index edged up 0.04%.
US economic data released today were better than anticipated, though failed to brighten the mood. Initial claims for state unemployment benefits fell 23,000 to a seasonally adjusted 340,000 last week, according to Labor Department data.
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New single family home sales increased 2.3% in April to a 454,000-unit pace, while the median sales price for a new home rose 14.9% from a year ago to a record US$271,600.
"All the eggs are in housing and the consumers' baskets this quarter. Outside that, there is going to be little support to growth," Ryan Sweet, a senior economist at Moody's Analytics in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Bucking the trend today, shares of Hewlett-Packard jumped, last up 14.7%, after the computer maker lifted its 2013 earnings outlook.
"She [Chief Executive Officer Meg Whitman] clearly has the company focused on profit and cash flow and that's coming through in the earnings," Shannon Cross, an analyst at Cross Research in Millburn, New Jersey, who rates the stock a hold, told Bloomberg. "It shows they're able to drive margin at businesses that are under significant revenue pressure."
Europe's benchmark Stoxx 600 Index shed 2.1%. Yesterday European shares had closed higher, ending the session before Bernanke suggested the US central bank could taper its bond-buying as soon as next month.
The UK's FTSE 100, France's CAC 40 and Germany's DAX each also closed with declines of 2.1%.

Wednesday, October 31, 2012

NEWS,31.10.2012



'The entire country's been watching,' Obama tells Sandy victims


US President Barack Obama and Republican Governor Chris Christie have been touring storm-stricken parts of New Jersey, taking in scenes of flooded roads and burning homes in the aftermath of superstorm Sandy.The huge storm crashed ashore on Monday, crippling transportation, knocking out power for millions and killing at least 60 people in nine states with a massive storm surge and rain that caused epic flooding.Obama and Christie, riding in the Marine One presidential helicopter, got an aerial view of some of the hardest-hit areas of the New Jersey shoreline, and afterward the president promised to cut through red tape to help storm victims.From the air in and around the gambling resort of Atlantic City, Obama saw whole streets underwater, beachfront homes swamped by flooding and piers partially blown away.He also saw the still-burning remnants of about eight homes set on fire during the storm, the biggest to hit the US mainland in generations."If your homes aren't too badly damaged we can hopefully get you back in," Obama told residents at an evacuation shelter in the town of Brigantine."The entire country's been watching. Everyone knows how hard Jersey has been hit.""We're not going to tolerate any red tape. We're not going to tolerate any bureaucracy," Obama said.Despite being a top surrogate for Obama's rival Mitt Romney in the November 6 election, Christie has kept up his praise for Obama for federal support during and after the devastating storm.Today he only good words for the Democratic president. "I want to thank the president for being here today," he said.Federal Emergency Management Administration director Craig Fugate is also travelling with Christie and Obama. Sandy has killed at least 60 people in the US Weather warnings remain in place as the centre of the storm moves across Pennsylvania towards Canada The government says the storm may be the most expensive in US history Some 5.9 million properties remain without power Large sections of NYC remain submerged by floodwater Many transport services - including most of the NYC subway - are out of action The New York Marathon will go on Sandy is causing more havoc as it moves north toward Canada. Flooding warnings are in effect in the Great Lakes region and heavy snow has been falling in the Appalachian mountains.Remnants of the storm churned slowly over Pennsylvania on Wednesday, the National Weather Service said. Winter storm warnings were in effect from southwestern Pennsylvania to eastern Tennessee.New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg told a media conference mandatory evacuations in the city would not be lifted until the affected buildings had been inspected. He said bridges and tunnels - except for the George Washington Bridge - would be restricted to high-occupancy vehicles for the next several days.Bloomberg also announced a relief package for small business for whom "the storm represents an enormous challenge". He said the package included access to loans of up to $US10,000.Bloomberg said that tap water in NYC had been "tested again and again and again" and was safe to drink.He confirmed that the New York Marathon would go ahead as planned, saying it was a "great event for New York" and he believed those who had died would want it to be held.Asked if he believed there was a link between storms such as Sandy and climate change he said it was safer to assume a link "the consequences of making a mistake in one direction are pretty severe".The New York Stock Exchange reopened on Wednesday US time after being closed for two days. Packed buses took commuters to work with the subway system halted after seawater flooded its tunnels.More than half of all petrol stations in the New York City area and New Jersey were shut, with many running dry.John F Kennedy and Newark airports reopened with limited service after thousands of flights were cancelled, leaving travellers stuck for days.New York's LaGuardia Airport, the third of the airports that serve the nation's busiest airspace, was flooded and remained closed.Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said the storm may be the most expensive in US history."Now we are looking at flooding on Lake Erie, possibly Lake Michigan," Napolitano said."We're looking at secondary flooding downstream as rivers fill with the remnants of Sandy and the water has to go somewhere."We are now in recovery mode - response and recovery - we are moving large amounts of resources into the affected areas."It will be one of the most, probably if not the most, extensive and expensive (storms) in our nation's history."One disaster-modeling company said Sandy may have caused up to $US15 billion in insured losses.The storm killed 27 people in New York state, including 22 in New York City, and six each in New Jersey, Virginia and Pennsylvania. Five other states reported fatalities.Sandy killed 69 people in the Caribbean last week as a hurricane before it slammed into the US east coast with winds of about 130km/h and pushed inland.Battered by a record storm surge of nearly 4.2 metres, large sections of New York City remained submerged under several feet of water on Wednesday.In the city's borough of Staten Island, police used helicopters to pluck stranded residents from rooftops.Across the Hudson River in Hoboken, New Jersey, members of the National Guard helped residents pump floodwater from their homes, the city said on Twitter.Chest-high floodwaters rushed into the streets in a flash on Monday night just after the power went out, and by Wednesday morning the water was still knee high in many areas of Hoboken.National Guard vehicles patrolled the streets but emergency vehicles were scarce, witnesses Some 5.9 million homes and businesses in several states remained without power on Wednesday morning, down from a high of nearly 8.5 million, which surpassed the record 8.4 million customers who went dark from last year's Hurricane Irene.In New Jersey, Christie said it could take seven to 10 days before power was restored statewide.In the southern half of Manhattan, a quarter of a million residents remained without power after a transformer explosion at a Consolidated Edison substation on Monday night and the flooding of another. Citywide, some 760,000 customers lacked power on Wednesday.

Hurricane Sandy Disrupts Food Distribution, 'Thousands Of Trucks' In Limbo

 

Thousands of truckloads of food that were headed for stores in the Northeast are stuck on roadsides and in warehouses following the crippling blow Hurricane Sandy dealt to the nation's food distribution system.Though the system is struggling in the face of uncertainty, no one who spoke to HuffPost on Tuesday was concerned about short-term food shortages or a storm-related increase in prices across the region. Still, the hurricane demonstrates just how complex and vulnerable the networks are that deliver America's food supply. "I've got thousands of trucks that are sitting on the East Coast," said Ed Chouinard of Perishable Distribution Solutions (PDS), a nationwide network of meat and perishable cargo delivery trucks based in Chicago. "For our clients, it's almost entirely a question of whether or not they have power, and right now we're calling around everywhere [in New York and New Jersey] and no one's open." Experts and food distributors declined on Tuesday to speculate on the impact Sandy might have on food industry bottom lines, noting that suppliers had ample warning about the coming storm and price gouging on staples like food is illegal. Nonetheless, they were eager to see supply lines return to normal.Chouinard said his company typically delivers New York-bound meat to two wholesale meat markets, the Hunts Point Market and the Brooklyn Market -- neither of which had restored power on Tuesday."I gotta make a decision this afternoon about whether my drivers should leave Chicago with today's shipment," Chouinard said, "but I don't think we're going to be shipping today. We'll reassess later in the week." For residents in some of the most devastated areas, like the Jersey Shore and parts of Queens, N.Y., the PDS meat delivery interruption is just one in a series of food deliveries stalled by the storm, many of which were bound for supermarkets and restaurants that have yet to reopen. Preparations made before the storm, however, mean there is little chance of an outright food shortage, Chouinard said."Most of the grocery stores will have a lot of inventory and backup generators," said Chouinard. "Most warehouses have one or two weeks worth of inventory. But people don't shop much for food if they've got no power. There's more likely to be a surge in demand when the power comes back on, because then everyone's restocking. But there won't be a shortage."New York City had reopened some of its bridges by Wednesday afternoon, though the Holland and Hugh Carey Tunnels remained closed, according to the New York Department of Transportation. Many sections of lower Manhattan remained without power, leaving stores and restaurants unable to safely store food -- even if trucks managed to deliver it.In New Jersey, parts of many major highways remained closed on Tuesday afternoon. At one section of the New Jersey Turnpike near the hard-hit Jersey Shore, entire railroad cars had even been swept onto the highway by the storm surge. Two and a half million people -- or 62 percent of the state -- lost power during the storm. The storm's effect in the Garden State was also evident in the number of supermarkets forced to close during the storm -- the popular regional chain ShopRite listed 97 locations in New Jersey that closed due to the storm. By late Tuesday, some had reopened, including a ShopRite in Garwood, N.J. According to Westfield, N.J. resident Sara Soriente, the store was open "and stocked with not just food, but also ice and firewood."In Pennsylvania, more than 400 roads were still closed on Tuesday afternoon. West Virginia, which was hit by blizzards due to Sandy, had shut down parts of the major highway across the top of the state on Tuesday, along with more than 30 other routes.Large-scale road closures greatly impact food distribution systems, said Charley Wilson, VP of corporate communications at major food distributor Sysco. The company, which supplies products mainly to healthcare facilities, restaurants and schools, has been working around the clock to prepare clients for the storm, Wilson said, "to make sure they had enough staples in advance. You hope that holds them until we can get back on the roads."Wilson said dangerous road conditions, not power outages, were the biggest hindrance to Sysco deliveries in the tri-state area on Tuesday. "As soon as we've been given the signal that there's safe passage and flooding is receding, we'll begin the process of getting food to our partners whether they have power or not," he said. He added that the company has been working closely with disaster relief agencies, "to make sure we're some of the first responders and we're ready to go back in as soon as it's safe."But even quick responses and good planning are no match for the threat posed to perishable foods by a prolonged power outage, said Cary Miller of Food Industry News, a trade publication. A veteran consultant for food services, Miller said that even after power is restored and streets are cleared, "the host of sanitation issues that food service operations will be facing are paralyzing" including repairs, flood clean-up and food safety. When it comes to compromised food, however, it's not just restaurants and supermarkets that need to take precautions against food-borne illnesses. Individuals also need to be extra vigilant, both during and after a power outage, to ensure that food at home is kept cold enough to prevent the spread of bacteria, especially for meat. On Tuesday, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie released a series of food storage guidelines for residents affected by the storm.But as people in the tri-state area worry this week about delivering, buying, and storing food, in parts of New York City, the food industry was back in business almost immediately following the storm. On Tuesday morning, many bodegas, grocery stores and restaurants in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn, opened their doors to customers, in spite of fallen trees that had destroyed cars and storefronts during the night.“We anticipated there might be problems getting food delivered and ordered extra supplies last week,” said Mike Saadi, the owner of Bergen Bagels on Myrtle Avenue, while serving up bagels to a long line of Pratt Institute students. “Everyone needs bagels during a storm,” Saadi said.An Associated Supermarket in Brooklyn was also open and well stocked on Tuesday morning. Fedelia Edwin, an assistant manager, said that while the storm halted a delivery of about 2,000 cases of food from New Jersey, it wasn't enough to deplete stocks. "We still have enough to make it through the rest of the week at least," she said.In Manhattan, the Fairway grocery store on 74th Street and Broadway was crowded with shoppers browsing the aisles, many of whom left with just one or two bags of groceries. Bread, milk, produce, and canned goods were all well stocked, although meats and Grade-A large eggs were harder to come by.Carol Gordon carried about three pounds of ground beef in her shopping basket, a purchase she decided to make when she saw the depleted meat section. “I hadn’t thought about trucks not being able to come in,” she said. “We’re spoiled on the Upper West Side, but this is the worst I’ve seen it. And it’s naive to think we could not be affected.”

US storm damage set to cost $20bn


Bill Keogh, president of disaster estimator Eqecat, confirmed the company's estimates of $5bn to $10bn in insured losses and $10bn to $20bn in total losses from Hurricane Sandy, which came ashore in New Jersey late on Monday and swept northward, knocking out power for more than eight million customers and shutting down four major cities."We think that's about right. ...It will be among the 10 to 15 most damaging storms" that have hit the United States, he told Bloomberg television.He said the assessments on real damages from wind and flooding-related losses and the costs of business shutdowns will take some time to collect."At this stage we're really just getting out facts from the ground... That will take a while."Fitch Ratings said that aside from physical damage from winds and flooding, it expects significant insurance claims from companies over lost business."While many lines of insurance will be affected, including property and auto, there is the potential for significant business interruption and contingent business interruption losses related to the flooding as the affected areas work to restore power and resume operations following the storm," Fitch said."The massive storm is impacting a wide variety of businesses in densely populated areas, including retail, corporate offices, transportation, manufacturing, and energy plants."Economists at IHS Global Insight said they expect the physical losses to top the $15bn of Hurricane Irene of last year."With Sandy being a much larger storm, it is likely to end up causing more flooding damage than its 2011 peer which would increase total damage estimates," said IHS economists Gregory Daco and Nigel Gault in a report on the storm."The commercial shutdown of the East Coast is likely to result in gross domestic product losses that may outweigh infrastructure damages," they added.While some losses to economic production will be recovered in rebuilding spending, they said, not all can be regained.Combining all of the disruptions from Sandy, they said, "early estimates point toward total economic losses of around $30bn to $50bn."That was still small compared to the $120bn in economic damage wrought by Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the US Gulf of Mexico coastline in 2005, but still enough to reduce the economic growth rate in the fourth quarter by 0.6% points, they said.