Showing posts with label reserve bank. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reserve bank. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 26, 2013

NEWS,26.06.2013



Marcus: Global recovery years away


If things do not get any worse it will probably still take a number of years before the world is back to more normal growth and output gaps are fully closed‚ Reserve Bank governor Gill Marcus cautioned on Tuesday.

Speaking at a FM Top Companies awards function‚ she said there would probably be at least one or two more forms of the crisis before it could safely be said that recovery was sustainable.

“The economic environment is a difficult one. The world is in its sixth year of crisis: a crisis that has repeatedly mutated‚ shifting its epicentre from a sub-prime crisis to systemic banking crisis; a liquidity‚ fiscal deficit and sovereign debt crisis. Measures taken to address each of these elements have had unintended consequences. Austerity measures have contributed to an unemployment crisis of immense proportions‚ particularly for the young.

“There will probably be at least one or two more forms of the crisis before we can safely say that recovery is sustainable. And even then‚ as we can see in the United States where there are signs of recovery‚ the measures that are outlined to be taken very cautiously and with considerable conditionality‚ such as a tapering off of Quantitative Easing‚ have also had unintended consequences‚” Marcus said.

As had been seen in recent days and weeks‚ the exchange rates of many emerging market economies had been impacted negatively by an outflow of capital. This development could well mark the start of a new mutation of the ongoing global crisis‚ she added.

“If things do not get any worse it will probably still take a number of years before the world is back to more normal growth and output gaps are fully closed. Even then‚ there is debate about whether that new normal would be at a lower rate of growth than in the past. All in all‚ it is a very uncertain and difficult decade for individuals‚ companies and countries‚” Marcus said.

South Africa’s weak first quarter annualised growth rate of 0.9 per cent was‚ to some extent‚ consistent with what was seen happening globally and in other emerging markets and these developments had‚ in part‚ contributed towards a weaker rand exchange rate. But domestic factors had also contributed.

“These have to do with lost production in the mining sector‚ instability caused by violent and often illegal strike action and persistent capacity constraints in infrastructure‚ electricity in particular‚” Marcus noted.

The source of this vulnerability‚ she pointed out‚ was primarily a large current account deficit‚ a high budget deficit‚ rising public debt and relatively low foreign exchange reserves as well as high household indebtedness and inflation close to the top of the target range - all suggesting limited room for fiscal or monetary support.

Berlin hails US ties 50yrs after JFK speech


Germany hailed the endurance of transatlantic ties on Wednesday on the 50th anniversary of US president John F Kennedy's stirring Cold War declaration "Ich bin ein Berliner", with celebrations across the reunited city.

Ahead of the main commemoration ceremony at the old
West Berlin town hall where JFK addressed 450 000 people in 1963, Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said the historic speech remained "unforgettable for us Germans".

"Berlin was a divided city, the Cold War had separated Germans along the Wall," he said in a statement. "President Kennedy gave Berliners new hope in difficult times and all Germans new confidence."

Westerwelle said last week's visit to Berlin by President Barack Obama, in which he borrowed tropes from Kennedy's speech to call for stronger transatlantic co-operation on global crises, showed that the spirit of Kennedy's pledge was alive and well.

"Shared history has become vibrant German-American friendship, which in a world of fundamental change is as important today as it was then," he said.

"In his speech at the
Brandenburg Gate, President Obama underlined the partnership of values that binds us together which Kennedy had hailed. That is a good foundation to weather the challenges of 21st century globalisation together."

‘Ich bin ein Berliner’

Kennedy's eight-hour visit on
26 June 1963 came at a critical stage of the Cold War, and Berlin was on the front line.

It was only a year since the
United States and Soviet Union nearly went to war in the Cuban missile crisis, and two years after East Germany's communist regime erected the Berlin Wall, cleaving the city in two.

In an electrifying 10-minute address, Kennedy gave Berliners what they wanted to hear: a condemnation of the Wall and a promise that the free world stood by them.

"Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in, to prevent them from leaving us," the defiant president said, in a firm rejection of communist appeasement.

At the end, Kennedy uttered the immortal words: "All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of
Berlin and therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words 'Ich bin ein Berliner' [I am a Berliner]."

His vow, just five months before he would be assassinated in
Dallas, was greeted with rapturous applause from the crowds of Berliners thronging the square.

Democrat wins US Senate election


Longtime Democratic US Representative Edward Markey defeated Republican political newcomer Gabriel Gomez in a special election on Tuesday for the state's US Senate seat long held by John Kerry.

Markey, aged 66, won the early backing of Kerry and much of the state's Democratic political establishment, which was set on avoiding a repeat of the stunning loss it suffered three years ago, when Republican state Senator Scott Brown upset Democratic state Attorney General Martha Coakley in the election to replace the late Democratic Senator Edward Kennedy.

Gomez, a 47-year-old businessman and former Navy Seal, positioned himself as a moderate and
Washington outsider who would challenge partisan gridlock, contrasting himself with Markey, who was first elected to the US House of Representatives in 1976.

Markey defeated Gomez by a margin of 55% to 45%. His victory does not change the balance of power in the Senate since Governor Deval Patrick had appointed a Democrat to fill the seat for several months until the special election. There are currently 52 Democrats and two independents who caucus with the majority in the 100-seat Senate.

Tuesday's contest served as a reminder that President Barack Obama has vowed to play a more aggressive political role for his party through next year's mid-term elections with huge stakes for his legacy and final-term agenda. Democrats face several competitive Senate contests in less-friendly terrain in 2014, when their grip on the Senate majority will be tested.

The White House, led by Obama himself, invested heavily in the Massachusetts' election, fuelled largely by widespread fear of another Brown-like surprise.

Moral victory

"The people of
Massachusetts can be proud that they have another strong leader fighting for them in the Senate, and people across the country will benefit from Ed's talent and integrity," Obama said in a statement on Tuesday night.

Republicans claimed a moral victory of sorts, having forced Democrats to deploy their biggest political stars in an election in which Markey enjoyed significant advantages in Democrat-friendly
Massachusetts. Markey's victory follows personal visits by Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and former President Bill Clinton.

Markey, who declared victory two hours after the polls closed, ticked off a slew of legislative priorities. He said he wanted to help spark a "green energy revolution", protect seniors, boost job growth in
Massachusetts and ensure young people can attend college without shouldering enormous debt.

Gomez said he called Markey to congratulate him and wished him "nothing but the best". He said he'd waged the campaign with honour and integrity but was heavily outspent by Democrats in the five-month election.

"Not every fight is a fair fight," Gomez said in his concession speech. "Sometimes you face overpowering force. We were massively overspent. We went up against literally the whole national Democratic Party. And all its allies."

Markey outspent Gomez throughout the race, and Republicans were unable to match a well-oiled Democratic field organisation in an election that saw relatively light turnout in much of the heavily Democratic state.

Kerry left the Senate this year after being confirmed as
US secretary of state. Markey will fill out the remainder of Kerry's term, which expires in January 2015, meaning that another Senate election will be held a year from November.

Though Markey has a lengthy career in Congress, he will become the state's junior senator to Elizabeth Warren, who has been in office less than six months after defeating Brown in November.

Snowden spends 4th day at Moscow airport


US intelligence leaker Edward Snowden on Wednesday spent a fourth day at a Moscow airport with his onward travel plans still a mystery after Russian President Vladimir Putin rejected calls for his extradition to the United States.

The United States told Russia it has a "clear legal basis" to expel Snowden but anti-secrecy website WikiLeaks, which helped organise his flight from Hong Kong, said he risks being stuck in Russia "permanently".

Meanwhile
Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro, who by coincidence is expected in Moscow next week for an energy summit, said Caracas would consider any asylum request from Snowden just as Ecuador is doing.

In his first comments on the chase for the former contractor that has captivated world attention, Putin on Tuesday confirmed that Snowden had arrived in
Moscow but said he had never left the airport's transit zone.

"He arrived as a transit passenger... He did not cross the state border," Putin said at a news conference in
Finland late on Tuesday. "For us, this was completely unexpected," he added.

"Mr Snowden is a free man, the sooner he selects his final destination point, the better for us and for himself," he said.

Travel plans unknown

Snowden who leaked revelations of massive
US surveillance programmes to the media, had been expected to board a flight for Cuba on Monday, reportedly on his way to seek asylum in Ecuador.

But he never did and Putin hinted that his onward travel plans were still unknown. His
US passport has been cancelled but WikiLeaks says he left Hong Kong with a refugee document supplied by Ecuador.

Snowden's extended stay in Moscow has prompted comparisons with the Tom Hanks hit film The Terminal about a man living in an airport, while British gambling website William Hill has opened betting on his final destination.

"Cancelling Snowden's passport and bullying intermediary countries may keep Snowden permanently in
Russia," WikiLeaks said in a statement on Twitter.

The
US urged Russia to use all means to expel Snowden, who arrived at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport on a flight from Hong Kong on Sunday despite the US issuing a request for his arrest in China.

"While we do not have an extradition treaty with
Russia, there is nonetheless a clear legal basis to expel Mr Snowden," National Security spokesperson Caitlin Hayden said.

Debriefing denied


Hayden said that Snowden could be expelled on the basis of his travel documents and the pending charges against him. However Putin insisted that
Russia could not extradite Snowden as it has no extradition agreement with the United States.

Putin said he would prefer not to deal with cases such as those of Snowden and WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, who is holed up in Ecuador's embassy in London to avoid allegations of sexual assault in Sweden.

"It's the same as shearing a piglet: There's a lot of squealing and not much wool," he said.

But Putin dismissed speculation that Snowden a potential intelligence goldmine was being purposely held up at the airport to be interrogated by Russian spies.

WikiLeaks also denied he was being debriefed by the Russian security services and confirmed that British activist Sarah Harrison from its legal team "is escorting him at all times".

Snowden had been expected to travel on with the state carrier Aeroflot on Monday to
Havana, but never appeared on the flight. He has not been spotted in the airport, located north-west of Moscow, and is speculated to be inside a capsule hotel in the transit zone.

There is no scheduled flight from Sheremetyevo to
Havana on Wednesday. The RIA Novosti quoted unidentified sources as saying that Snowden had also booked on Tuesday's flight to Havana but the reservation had been cancelled a few hours before take-off.

'Ill-considered pressure'

The Interfax news agency cited an unnamed source in Snowden's entourage claiming he is in limbo because his passport was cancelled by the
US.

"Snowden's American passport is annulled, he has no other ID with him. Therefore he is obliged to stay in the Sheremetyevo transit zone, since he can neither enter
Russia nor buy a ticket," the source said.

Snowden abandoned his high-paying intelligence contractor job in
Hawaii and went to Hong Kong on 20 May to begin issuing a series of leaks on the NSA gathering of phone call logs and internet data, triggering concern from governments around the world.

Hong Kong, a special administrative region under Chinese rule that has maintained its own British-derived legal system, said the US government request to arrest him did not fully comply with its legal requirements.

But White House spokesperson Jay Carney lashed out at
Beijing, saying its failure to "honour extradition obligations" had dealt a "serious setback" to efforts to build trust with new President Xi Jinping.

The United States is applying "ill-considered pressure" that will only serve to "bring Moscow and Beijing closer together", Alexei Pushkov, head of the Russian lower house of parliament's foreign affairs committee, wrote on Twitter on Wednesday.

The dispute risks sharpening tensions between
Washington and Moscow as well as Beijing when they are struggling to overcome differences to end the conflict in Syria.

Hardliner picked as head of Netanyahu party


An Israeli deputy minister and leader of the radical right in Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud has been elected as the head of the party's presidency, reports said on Wednesday.

The election of 42-year-old Danny Danon as Likud president during an initial party vote on Tuesday night enabled him to score political points against the premier, Israeli media said.

The role is largely symbolic, but belies the growing influence of the hardline settler lobby within the rightwing party.

Although Netanyahu will remain as head of the party, members will on Sunday choose who will preside over three key institutions the central committee, the Likud bureau, and the secretariat - in a vote likely to highlight exactly how much of a threat the premier faces from party rebels.

Danon, who serves as deputy defence minister, is widely expected to be voted in as chairperson of the central committee, which decides on all the key policy issues.

Leadership of the Likud bureau, which sets the party's ideology, is expected to go to deputy foreign minister Zeev Elkin, another party rebel.

Wider revolt

And one of the frontrunners for the chairpersonship of the Likud secretariat is Miri Regev, another rebel from the party's far right.

Danon sparked uproar this month when he came out against a Palestinian state a position firmly at odds with Netanyahu's public stance on the issue.

"If Secretary Kerry, whose efforts we support, were to pitch a tent halfway between here and Ramallah - that's 15 minutes away driving time - I'm in it, I'm in the tent," Netanyahu told the Washington Post last week in reference to US Secretary of State John Kerry.

"And I'm committed to stay in the tent and negotiate for as long as it takes to work out a solution of peace and security between us and the Palestinians."

But Danon said the government was not serious about it and that moves to create one would be opposed by most of the coalition.

Netanyahu appears to be facing a wider revolt on the two-state solution, after Israeli ministers began openly expressing their opposition to the creation of an independent Palestinian state.

Possibility of quitting


Analyst Yossi Verter said in Haaretz newspaper that "Netanyahu now finds himself in the worst possible situation for a party chairman: He's not a player. He doesn't count".

Commentators pointed out the prime minister had not even presented his candidacy for president of the party at the Likud conference, as Danon's victory seemed assured.

Faced with this opposition, Netanyahu could even quit Likud, as did former premier Ariel Sharon, who exited the same party to create the centrist Kadima in 2005, wrote Verter.

"It's hard to know what he's thinking: Either he has lost his fighting spirit and is giving up, or in his heart, he knows that in the next election, he won't be running at the head of this party," he added.

Kerry: Leaders serious on peace talks


Israeli and Palestinian leaders are both committed to reviving peace talks, US Secretary of State John Kerry said on Wednesday, but he acknowledged that progress on the long-stalled negotiations would be difficult.
Israeli-Palestinian talks broke down in late 2010 in a dispute over construction of Jewish settlements on occupied West Bank land that Palestinians want as part of their future state.
Kerry, who held separate talks with both sides in May, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas wanted the peace process to move forward. This would be Kerry's fifth attempt to restart talks.
"I believe they believe the peace process is bigger than any one day or one moment, or certainly more important to their countries than some of their current political challenges," he told a news conference in Kuwait with Foreign Minister Sheikh Sabah Khaled al-Sabah.
"That is why both of them have indicated a seriousness of purpose. I would not be here now if I didn't have the belief this is possible," he said.
Kerry said he did not want to set any deadlines for the peace process but added that there needed to be progress before the UN General Assembly in September.


Tuesday, January 15, 2013

NEWS,15.01.2013



Global economy enjoys sweeter sentiment


Global investors have entered 2013 in buoyant but not yet exuberant mood‚ according to the BofA Merrill Lynch Fund Manager Survey for January.The new year sees asset allocators assigning more funds to equities than at any time since February 2011‚ while their confidence in the world’s economic outlook has reached its most positive level since April 2010.Investors’ appetite for risk in their portfolios is now at its highest in nine years‚ while an increasing number judge equities as undervalued – particularly in Europe. Moreover‚ investors have reduced cash holdings to 3.8% from 4.2% in December.This marks the most positive reading of this measure of willingness to hold riskier investment assets since April 2011‚ though it has not reached levels that would represent a contrarian sell signal.Participants’ perception of the US fiscal crisis as the biggest “tail risk” for asset markets has calmed (down nearly 20% points in two months)‚ though it remains their largest concern. Views of China remain very positive‚ with a net 63% still anticipating a stronger economy this year‚ but one in seven sees a Chinese hard landing as their number one risk.Investors’ bullishness reflects a growing confidence in economic recovery. A net 59% now expect the global economy to strengthen this year‚ compared to a net 40% a month ago. This marks the panel’s most positive outlook since April 2010. An increasing proportion of respondents expect inflation to pick up as well.“Following the resolution of the US fiscal cliff‚ sentiment has surged. Half of investors now tell us that they would sell government bonds to buy higher-beta stocks‚ which is consistent with increasing growth and inflation expectations‚ and with our call for a ‘Great Rotation’ to start in 2013‚” said Michael Hartnett‚ chief investment strategist at BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research. “While the survey reveals pockets of exuberance‚ undemanding valuations in Europe should underpin equities unless earnings growth fails to materialize‚” added John Bilton‚ European investment strategist.49% of respondents now expect government bonds to be sold to fund purchases of higher beta equities and sustain the “risk on” rally. Last month‚ in contrast‚ only 37% saw the instrument as the likeliest source while 28% expected this to be reduction of cash balances (now 22%) and 19% expected defensive equities (now 15%).In this environment‚ the perception of Italy as a substantial “tail risk” for Europe has declined sharply. Only 17% of the panel now views the country as the biggest threat to the European story‚ compared to 26% in December. Assessments of the threats from France and Spain have worsened from last month‚ however‚ up to 34% and 29%‚ respectively.The panel has shifted its stance on financial stocks strongly‚ moving to its first net overweight in global bank names since February 2007 following a 15% move versus last month. Nevertheless‚ banks are still perceived as the global equity market’s most undervalued sector. The existing overweight in insurance has also been extended‚ particularly in Europe‚ and now stands its highest level since January 2007.In contrast‚ appetite for telecoms stocks has fallen to a net 25% underweight. This marks the sector’s lowest weighting from asset allocators since December 2005. While still in positive territory‚ pharmaceuticals have declined to a net 11% overweight. Their fall from a net 24% last month is January’s largest sectoral move.The perception that consumer staples companies are the most overvalued has also accelerated month-on-month.The new Japanese government’s policies continue to improve the country’s outlook. Its growth composite indicator now stands at a striking reading of 96.Against this background‚ global fund managers are turning more positive. A net 3% are now overweight Japanese equities‚ a sharp reversal of last month’s net 20% underweight. The proportion of investors viewing Japan as the most undervalued market increased this month as well‚ while a growing number see it as having the most favourable outlook for corporate profits.

US could lose gold-chip rating


The United States could lose its top credit rating from a leading agency for the second time if there is a delay in raising the country's debt ceiling, Fitch Ratings warned Tuesday.Congress has to increase the country's debt limit, which effectively rules how much debt the US can have, by March 1 or face a potential default.There are fears that the debate will descend into the sort of squabbling and political brinkmanship that marked the last effort to raise the ceiling in the summer of 2011. The US Treasury Department warned then that it had nearly reached a point where it would be unable "to meet our commitments securely".Standard & Poor's was so concerned by the dysfunctional nature of the 2011 debate that it stripped the US of its triple A rating for the first time in the country's history. Like Fitch, Moody's has a negative view on the US outlook."The pressure on the US rating, if anything, is increasing," said David Riley, managing director of Fitch Ratings' global sovereigns division. "We thought the 2011 crisis was a one-off event ... if we have a repeat we will place the US rating under review."Fitch already has a negative outlook on the US as the country's debt burden has risen to around 100% of its gross domestic product, and has said it will make a decision on the rating this year, regardless of how the debt ceiling discussions pan out. The US government reached its statutory debt limit of nearly $16.4 trillion at the end of 2012 but has engineered extraordinary measures that should see it through February.Riley's comments come just two weeks after US lawmakers agreed a budget deal with the White House that avoided the so-called fiscal cliff of automatic tax increases and spending cuts that many economists thought could plunge the US economy, the world's largest, back into recession. Relief that a deal was cobbled together, albeit at the final hour, is one of the reasons why sentiment in the financial markets has been buoyant in the first trading days of the new year. Many stock indexes around the world are trading at multi-year highs."The fiscal cliff bullet was dodged .... (but it's) a short-term patch," said Riley.Riley warned that the different arms of the US government still have a number of issues to address. As well as increasing the debt ceiling, they have to agree to spending cuts that were delayed as part of the fiscal cliff agreement and back measures to avoid a government shutdown, potentially in March.Though short-term fixes are more likely than not, Riley said the US political environment is not as good as it should be for a country holding the gold-chip AAA rating. The past few years, Riley said, have been marked by "self-inflicted crises" between deadlines.The major reason behind the lack of swift action in the US is that the Democrats control the White House and the Senate, while the Republicans have a solid majority in the House of Representatives. Both sides have differing visions of the role of the state in society and often varying political objectives.Despite his cautious tone on the rating, Riley said the US has a number of huge advantages and that getting the country's public finances into shape will not require the same level of austerity that many countries in Europe have had to enact over the past few years, partly because the US economy is growing at a steady rate.Other factors that support the US's AAA rating are the country's economic dynamism, lower financial sector risks, the rule of law as well as the global benchmark status of the country's bonds and the dollar, Fitch says.However it says these "fundamental credit strengths are being eroded by the large, albeit steadily declining, structural budget deficit and high and rising public debt".


US debt ceiling hike critical


Federal Reserve Chairperson Ben Bernanke on Monday urged US lawmakers to lift the country's borrowing limit to avoid a potentially disastrous debt default, warning that the economy was still at risk from political gridlock over the deficit. Likening Congress to a family arguing that it can improve its credit rating by deciding not to pay its credit card bill, Bernanke said that raising the legal borrowing limit was not the same as authorising new government spending. "It's very, very important that Congress takes the necessary action to raise the debt ceiling to avoid a situation where our government doesn't pay its bills," he told an event sponsored by the University of Michigan. The US Treasury says the country bumped into its borrowing limit on December 31, and it is now employing special measures to enable the government to meet its financial obligations. US leaders did agree at the beginning of January to extend tax cuts for all American families earning less than $450 000 a year to avoid a portion of a "fiscal cliff" of policies that Bernanke had warned would likely tip the economy into recession. But lawmakers must still navigate the debt limit as well as thrash out a deal over drastic automatic spending cuts that were postponed until March 1."We're not out of the woods because we are approaching a number of other fiscal critical watersheds coming up," Bernanke warned on Monday.The Fed last month opted to keep buying $85bn worth of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities a month until it saw a significant improvement in the labor market outlook, in an aggressive bid to push down borrowing costs and spur hiring.It has held interest rates at nearly zero since December 2008 and has said it will keep them at this ultra-low level until unemployment reaches 6.5%, provided that inflation does not look likely to breach a threshold of 2.5%. US unemployment in December remained at a lofty 7.8%.The president of the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank, John Williams, said earlier on Monday that he expected the central bank's bond buying would be needed "well into the second half of 2013." Minutes from the Fed's December 11-12 policy meeting released earlier this month showed several policy makers favored ending the bond purchases well before the end of this year, while a few officials thought the purchases would be warranted until the end of 2013.A third policy-maker who spoke on Monday, Dennis Lockhart, president of the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank, stressed that the open-ended, or meeting-to-meeting nature, of the Fed's commitment to buy assets did not mean the policy would continue indefinitely. "'Open ended' does not mean 'without bound.' The program is not 'QE Infinity,'" he told the Rotary Club of Atlanta.

Monday, January 7, 2013

NEWS,07.01.2013



BoE unlikely to resume printing money


The Bank of England is unlikely to revive its money-printing campaign, a Reuters poll showed on Monday, even though the British economy is teetering on the brink of another recession.Economists in the survey attached a median 45% chance of the central bank resuming the quantitative easing programme which it suspended in November. However, policymakers are likely to pin their hopes on a new scheme to encourage bank lending for reviving the economy as the government makes deep spending cuts."We are going to see a continuation of difficult circumstances of growth remaining weak and inflation staying above target," said Simon Hayes at Barclays Capital.With rates near zero, the BoE has already purchased £375bn of British government bonds meaning approaching half of all conventional gilts belong to the central bank. On top of this exercise to push money into the economy, it has also launched a Funding for Lending Scheme (FLS), providing cheap credit to banks to encourage them to offer loans to customers.While the benefits of the FLS are not expected to filter through to the economy until later this year, data released on Friday showed November mortgage approvals were at their highest monthly total since last January. Banks polled for the BoE's quarterly Credit Conditions Survey said they would increase the availability of mortgages significantly in the first three months of 2013 after a record rise in the three months to December 11. "Signs that the Funding for Lending Scheme is gaining traction hint at some economic recovery over 2013 which we judge makes a further increase in the asset purchase target less likely," said Philip Shaw at Investec.The Bank's hands have been somewhat tied as inflation has held persistently above its 2% target and is not expected to fall below that for a long time. But the poll of 64 economists did not foresee any interest rate rise from the record low 0.5% until July 2014 at the earliest. Only a handful of policy-watchers in the poll, taken over the past week, saw a rate rise before then. One particularly hawkish forecaster is looking for an increase in August but there is no other prediction of higher rates in the poll before the second quarter of 2014.Work in progressGlobal regulators gave banks four more years and greater flexibility on Sunday to build up cash buffers so they can use some of their reserves to help struggling economies grow. Bank of England Governor Mervyn King, who steps down later this year, said the new rules will give the banking system more room to finance a recovery.King will be replaced by Canadian central bank chief Mark Carney in July, who is leaving behind an economy which weathered the global financial crisis quite well to take on one struggling to regain its footing. UK manufacturing activity hit a 15-month high in December, a survey showed last week. However, later figures indicated Britain's dominant service sector shrank for the first time in two years, suggesting the economy as a whole slipped back into contraction in the last three months of 2012. Britain bounced out of its second recession in four years in the third quarter of 2012, supported by London's hosting of the Olympic Games and extra working days, but it is forecast to achieve only tepid growth if any for some time. This is thanks partly to the government spending cuts and tax rises to tackle the budget deficit. The economy has grown little since 2010 when a coalition of Conservatives and Liberal Democrats came to power.Britain has struggled as the chances of recovery in the eurozone, its main trading partner, have faded further into this year. Economists are divided over whether the European Central Bank will cut its policy rate in the next few months.



Sarb appoints Bradlow to head new dept


The South African Reserve Bank (Sarb) said on Monday that it had appointed Daniel Bradlow as the head of the newly-established international economic relations and policy department‚ with effect from February 1.Bradlow’s key responsibilities would include providing strategic direction to the department‚ monitoring and analysing developments in international and regional institutions and forums.Bradlow is currently the South African Research Chairs Initiative professor of international development law and African economic relations at the University of Pretoria and professor of law at American University Washington College of Law.He has worked as a consultant for a number of international and regional development banks‚ international organisations‚ government agencies and foundations and has conducted training programmes for officials from central banks‚ ministries of finance‚ and other government departments from a number of countries in Africa and Asia.His experience includes research and writing about the International Monetary Fund‚ the World Bank‚ G20‚ international financial standard setting bodies‚ the legal aspects of debt and financial management‚ and aspects of negotiating and structuring of international financial and business transactions. He has also served on expert working groups that have been involved in policy-relevant research and advocacy activities related to the governance of various international institutions.He was educated at the University of the Witwatersrand; Northeastern University; Georgetown University; and holds an LLD (international development law) from the University of Pretoria.

French labour deal remains elusive

 

French employers will reject moves to overhaul rigid labour rules unless unions drop demands to tax short-term contracts more heavily than long-term ones, their leader said on Monday, suggesting talks this week could fail.Socialist President Francois Hollande called on employers and unions to strike a deal by the end of 2012 that would grant companies more flexibility in hiring and firing while giving more job security to workers on short-term contracts.Talks between the Medef employers' union and main labour groups spilled into January after talks broke up in December without a deal, with each side accusing the other of making unacceptable demands. The government says it will impose its own deal if the two sides fail to reach an agreement.As talks resume this week, Medef chief Laurence Parisot said employers would be unable to sign a deal imposing higher costs for hiring on seasonal or short-term contracts.French per unit labour costs are currently among the highest in the European Union, above Germany but below Denmark, and are often cited by economists as a brake on growth and a factor in maintaining chronically high unemployment."At this point in our discussions, including talks we had all day yesterday, on Sunday... the Medef will not sign the deal," Parisot said on Radio Classique. "The issue of taxation for short contracts is a vital question."Parisot accused Hollande's Socialist government of indirectly interfering in the talks to the employers' disadvantage.The government is pushing for a deal to address concerns that France has a two-speed labour system, with those on long-term job contracts enjoying too much job security and those on short-term contracts too little.FlexibiltyEmployers want an agreement that will allow companies to adjust their wage burden more nimbly in a downturn, as well as simplifying the rules about firing workers to make the process more predictable and keep costs in check.Two hardline unions reject measures to add flexibility. All five unions represented at the talks want greater job security for workers on flimsy contracts, calling for employers who use them to be penalised by paying higher taxes or more unemployment contributions.Unions reject greater flexibility in work contracts and demand more job security for short-term workers. They want employers using short-term contracts to pay more tax or higher contributions to the national fund that pays out unemployment benefits.Labour Minister Michel Sapin said the government would present a draft law regardless of the talks' outcome. However, he expressed faith in a deal being reached by January 11, when talks are due to conclude."They're negotiating, it's their responsibility, and I'm letting them negotiate," he told Canal+ television.Hollande's government has enough Socialist and allied lawmakers in parliament to pass a labour reform.But without a deal between unions and employers, it will be more exposed to criticism from both sides and unions may influence left-wing lawmakers into watering down any reform.The head of the CGT union, Bernard Thibault, said last week he would oppose more labour flexibility with "all his force".


2012 London jobs nosedive


The number of new jobs created in the City of London fell by more than a third last year as financial firms focused on cost-cutting, research by recruitment agency Astbury Marsden shows.The agency estimates that 35 115 new City jobs were created in 2012, down 35% on the year before. Only about 800 new jobs were created in December, it said, compared with 1 490 in December 2011.Banks worldwide are shedding jobs as stricter regulations and eurozone worries take their toll on trading income and investment banking operations."2012 was a busy year for HR departments across the City as cost-cutting remained a key focus for senior management and board members throughout the year," Mark Cameron, chief operating officer at Astbury Marsden, said."Tighter regulation including higher capital requirements forced up costs at a time when revenues dipped due to a number of factors, including a continued weak economy and less trading activity," he added.Cameron said that cuts had been particularly significant in 2012 because banks had implemented major restructuring, including the winding down of entire business units. Swiss bank UBS axed 10 000 staff and wound down its fixed-income business. On a more optimistic note, Cameron said that most of the obvious and immediate cuts have already been made and the worst may be over.The recruitment company also said that hiring prospects could be improved by signs that lawmakers are getting to grips with the euro zone crisis and by the deal struck by US politicians to delay budget spending cuts and avoid hefty tax increases.


China starts building nuclear power plant


A Chinese state news agency says the country has begun building a new nuclear power plant after lifting a construction moratorium imposed following Japan's Fukushima disaster.The Xinhua News Agency says the 3 billion yuan ($475m) power plant in Rongcheng, an eastern coastal city in Shandong province, will incorporate advanced safety features developed by Chinese researchers. China is the world's biggest energy consumer and nuclear power is a key element in official efforts to curb surging demand for fossil fuels.Beijing suspended approval of new nuclear power plants to carry out safety reviews following the Japan's 2011 earthquake and tsunami that wrecked the Fukushima plant. That moratorium was lifted in October.

 

Liquidity rules for banks eased


The world's top banking regulatory body on Sunday eased the first global liquidity rules scheduled to start applying to banks in 2015 and aimed at improving their ability to survive financial crises.The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision said at a press conference here that it had widened the definition of the easy-to-sell assets that banks will have to hold to survive periods of stress.The Basel III standards had been initially proposed in 2010 but banks and financial institutions have since lobbied intensely to make the rules more flexible and result in lower costs for the sector. The details of the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), which was drafted to avoid a repeat of the 2008 banking crisis and unanimously endorsed on Sunday by the Basel group's top oversight body, give the banks a reprieve. Its provisions include a much broader definition of the minimum assets every bank needs to hold, making it less costly for them to maintain the required buffer. "The changes to the definition of the LCR, developed and agreed by the Basel Committee over the past two years, include an expansion in the range of assets eligible as HQLA (high quality liquid assets)," the committee said. The new LCR's full details will also be fully implemented only in 2019, instead of 2015 as initially proposed."Specifically, the LCR will be introduced as planned on 1 January 2015, but the minimum requirement will begin at 60%, rising in equal annual steps of 10 percentage points to reach 100% on 1 January 2019," the Basel group announced. Mervyn King, Chairman of the Basel group's top oversight body and Governor of the Bank of England, described the agreement announced Sunday as "a very significant achievement.""For the first time in regulatory history, we have a truly global minimum standard for bank liquidity," said King.The Basel Committee brings together representatives regulators from 27 nations."Importantly, introducing a phased timetable for the introduction of the LCR, and reaffirming that a bank's stock of liquid assets are usable in times of stress, will ensure that the new liquidity standard will in no way hinder the ability of the global banking system to finance a recovery," King said.Stefan Ingves, chairperson of the Basel Committee and of Sweden's Sveriges Riksbank, said the global regulator could now focus on the Net Stable Funding Ration, another pillar of the Basel III reforms."The completion of this work will allow the Basel Committee to turn its attention to refining the other component of the new global liquidity standards, the Net Stable Funding Ratio, which remains subject to an observation period ahead of its implementation in 2018," he said.

Big banks pay billions over foreclosures


Ten mortgage servicers agreed on Monday to pay $8.5bn to end a case-by-case review of foreclosures required by US regulators. Banks including Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan, Wells Fargo and six others will pay $3.3bn directly to eligible homeowners, and will also pay $5.2bn in loan modifications and forgiveness, regulators said. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Reserve Board said they accepted the agreement to get relief to consumers more quickly than through the reviews. In April 2011 the agencies required the servicers to review foreclosure actions from 2009 and 2010 to evaluate whether borrowers had been unlawfully foreclosed on or otherwise suffered financial harm due to errors in the foreclosure process.