NEWS,04.10.2012

Spain central bank undercuts budget as rescue looms

Spain's central bank chief undercut the government's proposed 2013 budget today, saying it was based on over-rosy forecasts for economic growth and tax revenue.Speaking to a parliamentary budget committee, newly-appointed Central Bank Governor Luis Maria Linde delivered a blunt message as Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy weighs when to seek an international bailout."This outlook ... is certainly optimistic in comparison with the outlook shared by the majority of international organisations and analysts," he said.Linde said the government, which has already hiked taxes and cut tens of billions of euros in costs, should consider further steps this year to meet next year's deficit target of 4.5% of gross domestic product agreed with the European Union.Expectations that Rajoy will request a euro zone rescue package before the end of the year lowered Spain's borrowing costs at a Treasury auction on Thursday of 4 billion euros in government bonds.The yield on bonds due in 2014 dropped significantly to 3.282% from 5.204% when it was last sold in July.But market pressure could return if Rajoy drags his feet on seeking a bailout or is held back by German reluctance to put more assistance for Spain to its parliament.The European Central Bank has pledged to support Spain by buying its short-term debt on the open market, but only once Madrid signs up to the conditions attached to European aid."Markets are giving Spain the benefit of the doubt in anticipation of a rescue. Foreign investors need to see some sort of conditional backstop in place before seriously thinking about buying Spanish debt again," said Sassan Ghahramani, head of New York-based hedge fund consultancy SGH Macro.The euro zone is considering aiding Spain by providing insurance for investors who buy government bonds in a move designed to maintain Spanish access to capital markets, shaping a rescue differently than the previous full bailouts of Greece, Ireland and Portugal.The bond gaurantee scheme, which is under consideration and has not been decided yet, would achieve two important aims. Spain would be rescued without draining Europe's entire bailout fund and there would be no contagion to Italy.ECB head Mario Draghi praised Spain's fiscal consolidation and economic reforms but reiterated that countries would have to make a formal application and sign up to strict conditions to benefit from the bank's bond-buying programme.Central banker warns A rescue looks increasingly on the cards, as a prolonged recession complicates efforts to cut government spending.Tens of thousands of protesters gathered near parliament in Madrid on three nights last week, demonstrating against the austerity measures and demanding changes in government.Anger over costly rescue plans for banks has increased with one in four workers jobless. The shrinking economy has eaten into tax revenue and also pushed up unemployment benefit costs.Much of the savings from aggressive cost-cutting have gone to servicing debt due to high borrowing costs.Linde said most independent forecasters expect a 1.5% economic contraction in Spain next year, rather than the 0.5% fall on which the government based its calculations.Rajoy sent a tough budget to parliament on Saturday with 13 billion euros in savings from spending cuts and tax increases.The budget included a 1% increase in state pensions next year but Rajoy has not yet said whether he will maintain an inflation-pegged rise in pension payments as well.Linde said an inflation adjustment to pensions would be so costly as to endanger budget execution.The government is also taking on additional debt - some of it from European rescue funds - to bail out troubled banks and cash-strapped regional governments.The central bank chief also urged ministers to make a prudent forecast for revenue next year, saying the tax-take outlook in the 2013 budget was subject to downside risks.Fitch ratings agency also flagged the budget as unrealistic but said it would not downgrade Spanish bonds to junk status if the country sought a bailout and unlocked ECB bond-buying."Some of the assumptions certainly are optimistic in terms of the Spanish budget, nonetheless we do think that they're putting in place a programme which is consistent with giving support. And we'll give some tine to see how that will evolve," Fitch's head of sovereign ratings David Riley said in an interview with Reuters on Thursday.Fellow credit watchdog Moody's is due to decide this month whether to downgrade Spain's sovereign rating to junk.The yield on Spain's benchmark 10-year bond traded slightly higher on Thursday at 5.8% . In July, before Draghi announced the ECB's bond-buying programme, the Spanish 10-year yield spiked above 7%, a level seen as unsustainable.

Russia dismisses talk of new spy scandal with US

Russia said today that the Kremlin had nothing to do with a network alleged by the United States to be smuggling military technology to Moscow.The US Justice Department said on Wednesday it had broken up an elaborate network aimed at illegally acquiring US-made microelectronic components for Russian military and spy agencies.It charged 11 people with taking part.The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed surprise at the allegations."The charges are of a criminal nature and have nothing to do with intelligence activity," Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov told Russian news agencies.The situation had caused deep concern in Russia, whose relations with its former Cold War enemy are difficult despite President Barack Obama's call for a new start.Authorities were questioning the Russian nationals who were among the accused, Ryabkov said.Foreign Ministry spokesman Alexander Lukashevich said Washington had informed Moscow that the charges were criminal and unrelated to espionage."We will look into this situation and what really happened, and what charges are being imposed on our citizens," he said.US authorities had "not properly informed" Russia of the arrest of its citizens and Russian diplomats were seeking access to them, he added. A consul had met one in a courtroom, he said.Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said in an interview this week that Moscow and Washington must do more to strengthen relations because the "reset" called for by Obama could not last forever.Republican candidate Mitt Romney has accused Obama of being soft on Moscow during his four-year term and described Russia as the United States' "number one geopolitical foe".In a case in 2010 that harked back to the Cold War, the United States arrested 10 suspected Russian agents who were later sent back to Russia in the biggest spy swap since the Soviet era.Security experts puzzled The US Justice Department said 11 people, and companies based in Houston, Texas and Moscow, had been accused on Wednesday of illegally exporting high-tech components to Russian security agencies.The US companies from whom the components were bought were not identified.A US official said Alexander Fishenko, a Kazakhstan native who immigrated to the United States in 1994 and has frequently travelled to Russia, had been charged with operating in the United States as an unregistered agent of the Russian government.He was being held in custody with seven others in Houston.The Justice Department said the three others were in Russia including Sergei Klinov, identified as CEO of Apex System, which it said served as a certified supplier of military equipment to Russia's government, working through subsidiaries.Klinov, reached by telephone in his office in Moscow, said he had learned about the accusations from media reports."Honestly, I am very upset. I just don't know what to say. Everyone has his own truth and it is somewhere in the middle,".Asked whether he worked either for the security services or for the Defence Ministry, he said: "I am floored by this. I don't know what I'm supposed to say."Russia's Federal Security Service, successor of the KGB, and the Defence Ministry denied immediate comment.Another person facing accusations was named as Yuri Savin and described as the marketing director of Russia-based company Atrilor. The company denied having an employee of that name.Asked about the allegations, a Russian security expert said such practices has not been unusual in Soviet times.

US: Secret chemical tests raise concerns

Doris Spates was a baby when her father died inexplicably in 1955. She has watched four siblings die of cancer, and she survived cervical cancer.After learning that the US army conducted secret chemical testing in her impoverished St Louis neighbourhood at the height of the Cold War, she wonders if her own government is to blame.In the mid-1950s, and again a decade later, the army used motorised blowers atop a low-income housing high-rise, at schools and from the backs of vehicles to send a potentially dangerous compound into the already-hazy air in predominantly black areas of St Louis.Local officials were told at the time that the government was testing a smoke screen that could shield St Louis from aerial observation in case the Russians attacked.But in 1994, the government said the tests were part of a biological weapons programme and St Louis was chosen because it bore some resemblance to Russian cities that the US might attack. The material being sprayed was zinc cadmium sulfide, a fine fluorescent powder.Now, new research is raising greater concern about the implications of those tests. St Louis Community College-Meramec sociology professor Lisa Martino-Taylor's research has raised the possibility that the army performed radiation testing by mixing radioactive particles with the zinc cadmium sulfide, though she concedes there is no direct proof.But her report, released late last month, was troubling enough that both US senators from Missouri wrote to army Secretary John McHugh demanding answers.Aides to Senators Claire McCaskill and Roy Blunt said they have received no response. Army spokesperson Dave Foster declined an interview request from The Associated Press, saying the army would first respond to the senators.The area of the secret testing is described by the army in documents obtained by Martino-Taylor through a Freedom of Information Act request as "a densely populated slum district". About three-quarters of the residents were black.Spates, now 57 and retired, was born in 1955, delivered inside her family's apartment on the top floor of the since-demolished Pruitt-Igoe housing development in north St Louis. Her family didn't know that on the roof, the army was intentionally spewing hundreds of pounds of zinc cadmium sulfide into the air.Three months after her birth, her father died. Four of her 11 siblings succumbed to cancer at relatively young ages."I'm wondering if it got into our system," Spates said. "When I heard about the testing, I thought, 'Oh my God. If they did that, there's no telling what else they're hiding.'"Mary Helen Brindell wonders, too. Now 68, her family lived in a working-class mixed-race neighbourhood where spraying occurred.The army has admitted only to using blowers to spread the chemical, but Brindell recalled a summer day playing baseball with other kids in the street when a squadron of green army planes flew close to the ground and dropped a powdery substance. She went inside, washed it off her face and arms, then went back out to play.Over the years, Brindell has battled four types of cancer - breast, thyroid, skin and uterine."I feel betrayed," said Brindell, who is white. "How could they do this? We pointed our fingers during the Holocaust, and we do something like this?"Martino-Taylor said she wasn't aware of any lawsuits filed by anyone affected by the military tests. She also said there have been no payouts "or even an apology" from the government to those affected.The secret testing in St Louis was exposed to Congress in 1994, prompting a demand for a health study. A committee of the National Research Council determined in 1997 that the testing did not expose residents to harmful levels of the chemical. But the committee said research was sparse and the finding relied on limited data from animal testing.It also noted that high doses of cadmium over long periods of exposure could cause bone and kidney problems and lung cancer. The committee recommended that the army conduct follow-up studies "to determine whether inhaled zinc cadmium sulfide breaks down into toxic cadmium compounds, which can be absorbed into the blood to produce toxicity in the lungs and other organs".But it isn't clear if follow-up studies were ever performed. Martino-Taylor said she has gotten no answer from the army and her research has turned up no additional studies. Foster, the army spokesperson, declined comment.Martino-Taylor became involved years ago when a colleague who grew up in the targeted area wondered if the testing was the cause of her cancer. That same day, a second colleague confided to Martino-Taylor that she, too, lived in the test area and had cancer.Martino-Taylor decided to research the testing for her doctoral thesis at the University of Missouri. She believes the St Louis study was linked to the Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project and a small group of scientists from that project who were developing radiological weapons. A congressional study in 1993 confirmed radiological testing in Tennessee and parts of the West during the Cold War."There are strong lines of evidence that there was a radiological component to the St Louis study," Martino-Taylor said.Blunt, in his letter to the army secretary, questioned whether radioactive testing was performed."The idea that thousands of Missourians were unwillingly exposed to harmful materials in order to determine their health effects is absolutely shocking," the senator wrote.McCaskill agreed. "Given the nature of these experiments, it's not surprising that Missouri citizens still have questions and concerns about what exactly occurred and if there may have been any negative health effects," she said in a statement.Martino-Taylor said a follow-up health study should be performed in St Louis, but it must involve direct input from people who lived in the targeted areas."Their voices have not been heard," Martino-Taylor said.

NEWS,28.09.2012

Netanyahu speech dampens war speculation

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's UN speech about Iranian nuclear advances has dampened speculation in Israel that he could order a war this year.Analysing Thursday's address in which Netanyahu literally drew a "red line" on a cartoon bomb to show how close Iran was to building nuclear weaponry, commentators saw his deadline for any military action falling in early or mid-2013, well after US elections in November and a possible snap Israeli poll."The 'decisive year' of 2012 will pass without decisiveness," wrote Ofer Shelah of Maariv newspaper on Friday.Without explicitly saying so, Netanyahu implied Israel would attack Iran's uranium enrichment facilities if they were allowed to process potential weapons-grade material beyond his red line.Maariv and another mass-circulation Israeli daily, Yedioth Ahronoth, said spring (northern hemisphere) 2013 now looked like Netanyahu's target date, given his prediction that by then Iran may have amassed enough 20%-enriched uranium for a first bomb, if purified further.But the front pages of the liberal Haaretz and pro-government Israel Hayom newspapers cited mid-2013 - Netanyahu's outside estimate for when the Iranians would be ready to embark on the last stage of building such a weapon, which could take only "a few months, possibly a few weeks".Reluctant to eleborateIran, which denies it is seeking nuclear arms, said Netanyahu's speech made "baseless and absurd allegations" and that the Islamic Republic "reserves its full right to retaliate with full force against any attack". Israel is widely assumed to have the Middle East's only atomic arsenal.Israeli diplomats were reluctant to elaborate on Netanyahu's speech, saying its main aim was to illustrate the threat from Tehran.Asked on Israel's Army Radio whether Netanyahu had signalled he would strike in the spring if US and European Union sanctions fail to curb Iran's nuclear work, Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman said: "No, no, I would not go that far.""The prime minister clarified a message to the international community [that] if they want to prevent the next war, they must prevent a nuclear Iran," Lieberman added.Netanyahu's increasingly hawkish words on Iran in recent weeks and months strained relations with US President Barack Obama, who has resisted the calls to set Tehran an ultimatum while fending off charges by his Republican rival, Mitt Romney, that he is soft on Israel's security.Netanyahu praised Obama's resolve in his UN address, which the prime minister described as advancing their "common goal" - a strong signal that Israel would not blindside Washington with a unilateral attack on Iran.Netanyahu's political worriesIsrael Hayom pundit Dan Margalit said the speech constituted "an almost explicit acknowledgment that he [Netanyahu] is declaring a truce in the public argument between him and the president. At least, until after the [US] election".Netanyahu has political worries too, given deadlock in his coalition government over the 2013 budget which, if not ratified by December, could trigger an early Israeli election next year.In a broadcast editorial, Army Radio depicted war with Iran as no longer an imminent dilemma troubling the prime minister.Instead, the station said, Netanyahu would have to decide "whether he is going to elections sooner, in January, February, or maybe March, or whether he will be able to pass the budget, take care of the Iranian issue and then go to elections in October [2013] as scheduled".US Defence Secretary Leon Panetta said this month that Washington would have "about a year" to stop Iran should it decide to cross the threshold of producing nuclear weaponry - a more expansive timeline than that put forward by Israel.That could spell fresh clashes between the allies over Tehran's continued 20% uranium enrichment, a process the Iranians say they need for medical isotopes but that also brings the fissile material much closer to weapons grade.An Israeli official briefed on the government's Iran strategy cautioned against interpreting dates Netanyahu gave at the United Nations as deadlines, saying the preparations had already been made for military strikes."When he says Iran will have a bomb by this-or-that point in time, that in no way means the war option must wait until then," the official said. "There are other considerations to the timing - operational and strategic."

Spain unveils price of banking rescue

Spain unveils on Friday the full cost of rescuing its stricken banks, seen by investors as one of the final steps before a looming sovereign bailout.An independent audit, to be released after markets close, will serve as the basis for the release of up to €100bn from a eurozone rescue loan agreed in June.It comes a day after Spain announced a tight-fisted budget for 2013, which squeezes out €39bn in austerity measures, sparing only retirement pensions, to rein in the public deficit.Broad, savage cuts including in education and health have sparked fierce protests, leading to clashes outside parliament this week between police and anti-austerity demonstrators.Analysts say Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy is hoping the budget and banking audit will satisfy the conditions of any sovereign bailout, saving it the political humiliation of bowing to outside demands."The suspicion is that Rajoy is hoping these new measures will be enough to prevent the imposition of even tougher terms when Spain applies for its bailout," said a report by London-based foreign exchange firm Moneycorp."Whatever his citizens might have thought, investors were impressed by the prime minister's policy. They saw it as a step closer to the bailout which, they still believe, will solve the problems of Spain and the eurozone."The banking audit, led by US financial consultants Oliver Wyman, examines each of Spain's 14 major banking groups making up 90 percent of the struggling financial system.A huge swathe of the system is bogged down with bad loans from a 2008 property market collapse. Only a few, such as Santander, the eurozone's biggest in terms of market value, have solid balance sheets.The audit will also help to determine the price of toxic assets held by the banks, government sources said.A first group of banks, which have already been nationalised and whose capital requirements are expected to be confirmed by the audit, are to receive rescue money from November.Among them is state-rescued lender Bankia, the country's fourth biggest bank, whose request for more than €23bn in capital forced Madrid into the arms of its eurozone partners.Whatever the price tag placed on the rescue, Rajoy's right-leaning Popular Party government has stressed that not all the cash need come from the rescue loan; some may be able to find private financing.But signs are mounting that Madrid, despite all its manoeuvring, may end up picking up the tab for the financial sector rescue, boosting its overall debt level and heightening the urgency of a sovereign bailout.The rescue loan is to be funnelled through Spains's state-backed Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring (FROB).But Spain's government had hoped that a new European Stability Mechanism would eventually be empowered by Brussels to inject the loan directly, keeping the debt off Madrid's books.A June summit of European leaders had in fact agreed to set up a European banking union with a single supervisor by the year's end, allowing the ESM to take such action.On Tuesday, however, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland laid down a series of new conditions, and said the ESM should only act on new problem loans, not "legacy assets" such as those being dealt with in Spain.If Spain does formally request a broader sovereign bailout, it would become eligible to benefit from a bond-buying programme for troubled states that was outlined by the European Central Bank on September 6.Such a programme would curb Spain's borrowing costs but to qualify Madrid would have to formally apply for help from the ESM and submit to its conditions.As Spain's borrowing costs remain high, with the yield on 10-year bonds only just below six percent on Friday morning, the odds on a sovereign bailout seemed to be shortening daily.Political tensions are rising between Madrid and the northeastern Spanish region of Catalonia, an economically powerful state that has called snap elections on November 25 in a drive for more independence.The debt-struck region's parliament Thursday voted for referendum on Catalonia's "collective future". Spain's central government has vowed to thwart any attempt to hold a poll on Catalan independence. Investors fear these tensions could make it harder for Madrid to rein in deficits in the regions, which account for half of Spanish expenditure with responsibilities for health and education.The regions' debt situation is perilous, forcing many to apply for help from an €18bn central government liquidity fund. Castilla-La Mancha asked for €848m on Thursday, adding to earlier requests from Catalonia, Valencia, Andalusia and Murcia that already amount to a total of about €15bn.

NEWS, 04.06.2012.

Spain puts on the pressure for financial rescue

 

Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy is pressing for a direct European rescue for Spain's banks with moral support from the European Commission, but Germany appeared to rule out such a "bailout lite" for the euro zone's fourth biggest member.A source with knowledge of the matter said Madrid is working along with European institutions to find a way to directly refinance banks using rescue funds without the government having to come under a full EU/IMF adjustment programme."Right now the most urgent issue is the banks, and there are negotiations to refinance the banks directly without it being an intervention. It's a mechanism for all (European) banks, not just for Spanish banks," the source said.Spain's borrowing costs have jumped in recent weeks, largely due to doubts over whether the government can raise enough funds for the rising bill to strengthen its banks, left with big holes after the 2008 crash of the housing and construction market.Under current rules Spain can get a loan from the European rescue fund, or EFSF, but it would come with tough conditions and intrusive supervision, with a high political cost for Rajoy. The new permanent European rescue fund, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), due to enter into force in July, can lend to banks but the request still has to be made by the state.The source with knowledge of the matter said Spain believed the European Union's executive could take a plan for bank aid to a summit of the bloc's leaders on June 28-29.EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn said Brussels was considering direct bank recapitalisation by the ESM to break the link between weak sovereigns and ailing banks, but it was not possible under the treaty currently being ratified by member states."This is not part of the ESM treaty for the moment, in its present form, but we see that it is important to consider this alternative of direct bank recapitalisation as we are now moving on in the discussion on the possible ways and means to create a banking union," Rehn said.Germany, the main contributor to the bailout fund, opposes changing the ESM treaty to allow direct bank recapitalisation and has veto power. Berlin contends that only a formal programme approved by national parliaments permits proper international supervision of how aid funds are spent."It is only for a national government to decide whether it draws on the rescue mechanism and the requirements that are linked to it. That of course is also true for Spain," government spokesman Steffen Seibert told a news conference when asked about media reports that Berlin was pushing Madrid to apply.Seibert also said Spain first needed to figure out how much money it needs to recapitalise its banks.After pressing in vain for the European Central Bank to ride to Spain's rescue by buying government bonds, Rajoy took a different line on Saturday, calling in a speech for a euro zone fiscal authority with powers to manage member states' budget policies, to show markets the euro project is irreversible.Some analysts saw the call as a way of preparing Spaniards for the need for a European rescue for their country. Others saw it as a goodwill gesture towards the Germans.Gary Jenkins, director at Swordfish Research, said the fact Rajoy was pushing for greater transfers of fiscal sovereignty was a sign of how urgent the situation was in Spain."Spain is heading towards requiring significant intervention in order to avoid a disaster scenario," he wrote.Spain meets criteria for aid Spain already complies with the terms for the state to tap the temporary European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) under its "guidelines on recapitalisation of financial institutions".Those conditions are: it needs the money as a last resort to recapitalise systemic lenders, such as Bankia, and it has also started an independent audit of its banks in two stages.The ECB and key EU partners such as Berlin are keen to avoid a repeat of last year's events when they had to push Portugal to seek aid after former Prime Minister Jose Socrates resisted for months owing to the stigma attached to an "IMF bailout".The ECB stopped buying Portuguese bonds in the secondary market and Portuguese banks took the unprecedented step of warning the government that they too might stop buying its debt -- a move that probably tipped Socrates into seeking help.The head of Portugal's banking association, Antonio de Sousa, told Reuters in an interview at the time that the ECB had told the country's banks to cut exposure to government debt.German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble insisted then that aid could only be granted in the framework of a reform programme, the same stance Berlin is now taking towards Madrid.Bank audits Spain rescued its fourth biggest bank, Bankia, in May, in a bailout that will cost some 23.5 billion euros, much higher than anticipated, raising doubts over whether other Spanish banks have yet to recognise bigger losses.Independent auditors contracted by the government are due to report in mid-June on the state of the banks, and a detailed International Monetary Fund report on the financial system is due on June 11.Both studies should shed light on the scale of the final bill for plugging the holes in the banks, which have some 184 billion euros in exposure to repossessed property and sour loans to real estate developers.The government and the biggest banks hope the reports will show Bankia was an exception, that most of the banking system is solvent and that the rest has been addressed by regulations that have forced lenders to recognise more than 80 billion euros in losses.Still, after confusion over how Bankia's rescue would work damaged Madrid's market credibility, it's hard to imagine a bank rescue figure that will automatically restore confidence."What is not clear is whether it will be enough to recover the market confidence, that is not going to make things worse," said a senior Spanish banker, regarding the audits.Spain has said it will borrow money on the markets to recapitalise Bankia.Even with 10-year bond yields at 6.5 percent, the government says it does not face trouble tapping the markets because its average borrowing costs are lower, at 4.07 percent, and only 2 percent of public expenditures go to service debt.Political risk consultancy Eurasia Group said Europe would do its best to ease the pain for Rajoy, who has spread much of the blame for mismanaging the banking sector on his Socialist predecessors and the outgoing Bank of Spain governor."At this stage, EU political and policy elites are open to design a programme that would emphasize banks and would be light on conditionality to facilitate Rajoy's ability to manage internal constraints," it said in a report.But Eurasia Group said Rajoy would delay as long as possible to avoid the stigma that could affect his party in subsequent elections and because it will look as if his austerity programme and economic reforms had merely set the country up for a banking bailout instead of putting it back on track.One high-level government source argued that there is little motivation for Rajoy to take some 70 billion euros in aid for the banks if there are no guarantees it will actually bring down borrowing costs.

NEWS,27.01.2012.

Germany pushing for Greece to give up budget controls

 
Germany is pushing for Greece to relinquish control over its budget policy to European institutions as part of discussions over a second rescue package, a European source said today.” There are internal discussions within the Euro group and proposals, one of which comes from Germany, on how to constructively treat country aid programmes that are continuously off track, whether this can simply be ignored or whether we say that's enough," the source said. The source added that under the proposals European institutions already operating in Greece should be given "certain decision-making powers" over fiscal policy.” This could be carried out even more stringently through external expertise," the source said. The German demands for greater control over Greek budget policy come amid intense talks to finalise a second 130-billion euro rescue package for Greece, which has repeatedly failed to meet the fiscal targets set out for it by its international lenders. Greece needs to strike a deal with creditors in the next couple of days to unlock its next aid package euros in order to avoid a chaotic default.

” No country has put forward such a proposal at the Eurogroup," a Greek finance ministry official said on condition of anonymity, adding that the government would not formally comment on reports based on unnamed sources. The German demands are likely to prompt a strong reaction in Athens ahead of elections expected to take place in April.” One of the ideas being discussed is to set up a clearly defined priorities on reducing deficits through legally binding guidelines," the European source said. He added that in Greece the problem is that a lot of the budget-making process is done in a de-centralised manner.” Clearly defined, legally binding guidelines on that could lead to more coherence and make it easier to take decisions - and that would contribute to give a whole new dynamic to efforts to implement the programme," the source said.” It is clear that talks on how to help Greece get back on the right track are continuing," the source said.” We’re all striving to achieve a lasting stabilisation of Greece," he said.” That’s the focus of what all of us in Europe are working on right now."